世界遺產研究中心

位於瑞士侏儸山區偏遠地帶的恰德馮斯與洛克兩座比鄰的城鎮，共同組成鐘錶製造計畫城鎮的世界遺產地。他們的工場與建築反映了鐘錶製造工匠所需的合理規劃。19世紀初葉，由於當年的一場大火，加上當地係以單一工業型態而存在，導致恰德馮斯與洛克得以依照鐘錶製造的需求重新進行規劃，城鎮由一列列平行的屋舍和工場所構成，充分反映出當地從17世紀延續至今持續不墜的鐘錶製造文化。此處遺產地展現出單一工業製造城鎮也可以妥善保存且依舊生機盎然。此二座城鎮的規劃型態歷程更涵蓋了從手作工坊到19世紀末與20世紀初的密集工業生產方式的變遷。馬克斯在《資本論》中於分析當年侏儸山區的鐘錶製造的勞動分工時，曾形容恰德馮斯是一座「龐大的工業城鎮」。

The site of La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle watchmaking town-planning consists of two towns situated close to one another in a remote environment in the Swiss Jura mountains, on land ill-suited to farming. Their planning and buildings reflect watchmakers’ need of rational organization. Planned in the early 19th century, after extensive fires, the towns owed their existence to this single industry. Their layout along an open-ended scheme of parallel strips on which residential housing and workshops are intermingled reflects the needs of the local watchmaking culture that dates to the 17th century and is still alive today. The site presents outstanding examples of mono-industrial manufacturing-towns which are well preserved and still active. The urban planning of both towns has accommodated the transition from the artisanal production of a cottage industry to the more concentrated factory production of the late 19th and 20th centuries. The town of La Chaux-de-Fonds was described by Karl Marx as a “huge factory-town” in Das Kapital where he analyzed the division of labour in the watchmaking industry of the Jura.

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遺產地小檔案

恰德馮斯/洛克，鐘錶製造計畫城鎮 La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle, Clock-making town planning

所在國：瑞士
登錄年度：2009
占地面積：283.9000公頃
緩 衝 區：4487.7000公頃
座落位置：北緯47度06分14秒，東經06度49分58秒
遺產編號：1302
適用標準：(iv)
遺產地連結：http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1302/