世界遺產研究中心

 

巴西申報的「聖克里斯托奧的聖佛蘭西斯廣場」

【世界遺產中心特稿】

世界遺產委員會即將於7月25日到8月3日在巴西利亞（巴西）召開第34屆會議，並於會中討論本年聯合國教科文組織《世界遺產名錄》的新登錄世界遺產地。

本年的會期將由巴西文化部長兼世界遺產委員會主席費雷拉（João Luiz Ferreira）主持，共有35個締約國提出登錄《世界遺產名錄》的申報，其中3個是目前仍未有世界遺產地的國家，分別是馬紹爾群島、吉里巴斯與塔吉克。

今年尋求登錄《世界遺產名錄》的遺產地計32處：其中有6處自然遺產，24處文化遺產與2處自然與文化雙重遺產，當中還有4處為跨國遺產地。除此之外，另有9處現有世界遺產地的擴展項目申請。

世界遺產委員會並將審視31處列入《瀕危世界遺產清單》的保護狀態，同時也可能決定將某些在保護工作上需要予以特別關注的世界遺產地加入《瀕危世界遺產清單》之中。被列入瀕危清單的遺產地，表示它們正遭受各種不同的威脅，譬如污染、都市發展、對過度旅遊的管理不當、戰爭和自然災害等，這些威脅都將對列入《世界遺產名錄》的遺產地原所具備的「突出的普遍性價值」產出負面的影響。

直至目前為止，《世界遺產名錄》共列入了890處擁有「突出的普遍性價值」的遺產地，包括689處文化遺產，176處自然遺產與25處雙重遺產，分佈在148個締約國境內。

《世界遺產公約》鼓勵國際合作來共同守護屬於全人類的共同遺產，現已有187個締約國，可說是最普受認可的國際法制工具之一。簽署《世界遺產公約》之後，締約國必須履踐責任，將境內具備登錄《世界遺產名錄》潛力遺產地，以及具備國家重要性或地區重要性的遺產地，都予以認定並加以保護，尤其必須為此而提供合宜的法律與規範架構。

世界遺產委員會是依據1972年《世界遺產公約》之實施而承擔具體職責，由締約國選舉產生的21個委員國所組成，委員國任期最長為6年。委員會負責決定登錄《世界遺產名錄》的遺產地。這些遺產地由締約國申報，在申請後由兩個協力國際組織予以審查－文化遺產由國際古蹟遺址理事會（ICOMOS）負責，自然遺產由國際自然保育聯盟（IUCN）負責，兩個組織會將他們的審查結果做成建議知會世界遺產委員會。另外，國際文物保護與修復研究中心（ICCROM）也在保護與修復技術訓練方面提供相關的專業諮詢。

世界遺產委員會同時也將審議已獲登錄的世界遺產地之保護情況報告，並要求締約國在必要時採行適當的保護與保存措施。委員會並負責監管每年從「世界遺產基金」撥發超過4百萬美元的經費，這些經費是為了達成緊急行動，專業訓練，以及鼓勵科技合作等多項目的。為了完成這些任務，聯合國教科文組織乃設置「世界遺產中心」作為世界遺產委員會的秘書機構。

獲得認可的新聞工作者將能參加第34屆世界遺產委員會的開幕式（於7月25日舉行），開幕式與會的貴賓包括巴西總統魯拉（Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva），巴西文化部長費雷拉，以及聯合國教科文組織總幹事波克娃（Irina Bokova）。在世界遺產委員會進行期間，將會通過定期舉行的記者會通告委員會的工作狀況與會議決議。

資料來源：http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/627

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World Heritage Committee to meet in Brasilia to inscribe new sites on UNESCO’s World Heritage List 

World Heritage Centre
Tuesday, July 6, 2010

The World Heritage Committee will consider requests for the inscription of new sites on UNESCO’s World Heritage List when it meets for its 34th session in Brasilia (Brazil), from 25 July to 3 August.

During this year’s session - to be chaired by João Luiz Ferreira, the Brazilian Minister of Culture and President of the World Heritage Committee - 35 States Parties to the World Heritage Convention will present properties for inscription on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. Three of those countries – Marshall Islands, Kiribati and Tajikistan - have no properties inscribed on the World Heritage List to date.

Thirty two new properties in total were submitted for inscription on the World Heritage List this year: 6 natural, 24 cultural and 2 mixed (i.e. both natural and cultural) properties, including four transnational nominations. In addition, 9 extensions to properties already listed have been proposed (see list below).

The Committee will also review the state of conservation of the 31 World Heritage properties inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger and may decide to add to that list new properties whose preservation requires special attention. The In Danger List features sites which are threatened by a variety of problems such as pollution, urban development, poorly managed mass tourism, wars, and natural disasters, which have a negative impact on the outstanding values for which the sites were inscribed on the World Heritage List.

To date, the World Heritage List recognizes 890 properties of “outstanding universal value,” including 689 cultural, 176 natural and 25 mixed properties in 148 States Parties.

The Convention encourages international cooperation to safeguard the common heritage of humanity. With 187 States Parties, it is one of the most widely ratified international legal instruments. When signing the Convention, States Parties commit to identifying sites for potential inscription and to preserving sites on the World Heritage List, as well as sites of national and regional importance, notably by providing an appropriate legal and regulatory framework.

The World Heritage Committee, responsible for the implementation of the 1972 Convention, comprises representatives of 21 countries, elected by the States Parties for up to six years. Each year, the Committee adds new sites to the List. The sites are proposed by the States Parties. Applications are then reviewed by two advisory bodies: cultural sites by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), and natural sites by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which inform the Committee of their recommendations. The International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ICCROM) provides expert advice on conservation and training in restoration techniques.

The World Heritage Committee also examines reports on the state of conservation of inscribed sites and asks States Parties to take appropriate conservation and preservation measures when necessary. The Committee supervises the disbursement of over USD4 million annually from the World Heritage Fund, aimed, among other purposes, at emergency action, training of experts and encouraging technical cooperation. UNESCO’s World Heritage Centre is the Secretariat of the World Heritage Committee.

Accredited journalists will be able to attend the opening ceremony of the 34th session (25 July), which will include the participation of the President of Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, the Brazilian Ministry of culture, João Luiz Silva Ferreira and the Director-General of UNESCO, Irina Bokova. Journalists will be informed of the work and decisions of the Committee in regular press conferences during the Committee session.

Resource: http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/627