世界遺產研究中心

 

兩進濱危清單的大沼澤地國家公園

【世界遺產中心特稿】
2010年7月30日

刻正在巴西舉行的第34屆世界遺產委員會，鑑於大沼澤地國家公園（美國）水資源生態體系的持續嚴重退化，決定將其列入《瀕危世界遺產清單》。

此項列入瀕危的要求，是由美國所提出。這也是大沼澤地國家公園第二次列入《瀕危世界遺產清單》。此地第一次被列名瀕危是因為1993年「安德魯颶風」肆虐嚴重受創，以及農業與都市發展導致當地水流與水資源品質皆明顯退化。後來在2007年又因為國家公園與生態體系重新改造的努力獲得認可，而從瀕危清單中移除。

但無論如何，此處遺產地的生態退化其實仍持續發生。流入當地的水量劇減達60%，明顯的優氧化的情況日增形成另類污染，也讓水生棲息地的範圍喪失，並且使水生物種大量減少。

美國同時也請求聯合國交科文組織世界遺產中心與國際自然保育聯盟派遣專家，於2010年前往該地訪視，評估保護狀況，並協助發展出可行的保護作為，儘快讓此地從瀕危清單中脫身。

世界遺產委員會也讚賞美國此次能率先發出列名瀕危清單請求的舉措，並且鼓勵美國能持續展開各項有效措施來重建與保護這處遺產地。

大沼澤地國家公園，位於佛羅里達州的南端，擁有西半球最大的紅樹林生態體系，也一直是北美洲最大的克拉莎草大草原所在地，更是北美洲最豐富的涉禽棲息地。

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【遺產新聞】美國尋求讓沼澤地國家公園重新列名《瀕危世界遺產清單》



World Heritage Committee inscribes Everglades National Park on List of World Heritage in Danger

http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/638

World Heritage Centre
Friday, July 30, 2010

The World Heritage Committee, holding its 34th session chaired by João Luiz da Silva Ferreira, the Minister of Culture of Brazil, inscribed the Everglades National Park (United States) on the List of World Heritage in Danger,  because of serious and continuing degradation of  its aquatic ecosystem.

The inscription was made at the request of the United States. It's the second time the Everglades has been included on the List of World Heritage in Danger. It was first inscribed in 1993 following damage caused by Hurricane Andrew and  a marked deterioration in water flows and quality resulting from agricultural and urban development. It was removed from the Danger List in 2007, in recognition of efforts to restore the Park and its wider ecosystem.

However, the degradation of the site has continued.  Water inflows have been reduced by up to 60 percent and nutrient pollution increased to the point where the site is showing significant signs of eutrophication, loss of marine habitat and a subsequent decline in marine species.

The United States also requested that experts from UNESCO's World Heritage Centre and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) visit the property in 2010 to evaluate its state of conservation and assist in the development of a desired state of conservation with a view to removing the property from the Danger List as quickly as possible.

The World Heritage Committee commended the State Party's initiative in requesting the inscription of the site on the List of Sites in Danger, and encouraged the United States to continue corrective measures to restore and preserve the property.

The Everglades, at the southern tip of Florida, contains the largest mangrove ecosystem in the western hemisphere, the largest continuous stand of sawgrass prairie and the most significant breeding ground for wading birds in North America.

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遺產地小檔案

沼澤地國家公園 Everglades National Park

所在國：美國
登錄年度：1979
地域範圍：592920公頃
座落位置：北緯25度33分16秒，西經80度59分47秒
遺產編號：76
適用標準： (viii)(ix)(x)
遺產地連結：http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/76/