世界遺產研究中心

 
 

海克力士塔是座落於西班牙西北部拉科魯納港入口的一座燈塔與地標，自公元1世紀，由羅馬人開拓法隆布萊剛提恩(即今日的拉科魯納)以來即聳立至今。此塔建造在一座57公尺高的巨大岩塊上，塔本身亦高達55公尺，可區分為往上逐漸縮小的三層，最頂層則是羅馬式的燈塔結構。還有一座小的方形羅馬式建築緊靠於燈塔旁。此處遺產地還包括一座雕塑庭園，從鐵器時代遺留到現在的畢克士山石雕，以及一處穆斯林墓園。在1990年代時，曾挖出羅馬時代殘存的建築地基。從中古世紀到19世紀曾有許多傳奇故事縈繞著海克力士塔，畢竟它是希臘羅馬時代遺留至今，唯一一座結構完整且還在運作的燈塔。
The Tower of Hercules has served as a lighthouse and landmark at the entrance of La Coruña harbour in north-western Spain since the late 1st century A.D. when the Romans built the Farum Brigantium. The Tower, built on a 57 metre high rock, rises a further 55 meters. It is divided into three progressively smaller levels, the first of which corresponds to the Roman structure of the lighthouse. Immediately adjacent to the base of the Tower, is a small rectangular Roman building. The site also features a sculpture park, the Monte dos Bicos rock carvings from the Iron Age and a Muslim cemetery. The Roman foundations of the building were revealed in excavations conducted in the 1990s. Many legends from the Middle Ages to the 19th century surround the Tower of Hercules which is unique as it is the only lighthouse of Greco-Roman antiquity to have retained a measure of structural integrity and functional continuity.
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遺產地小檔案
海克力士塔 Tower of Hercules
所在國：西班牙
登錄年度：2009
占地面積：86.3100公頃
緩 衝 區：142.4900公頃
座落位置：北緯43度23分09秒，東經08度24分23秒
遺產編號：1312
適用標準：(iii)
遺產地連結：http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1312/

 

位於威爾斯東北部，長達18公里的旁特斯沃泰水道橋與運河是工業革命時代土木工程的一項重大成就。完工於19世紀初的運河，為了跨越不同地理位置的限制，必須運用各種土木工程技術，尤其是在未規劃使用水閘的情況下建造。水道橋則是一處開創性的工程傑作，使用永久性金屬結構所建築而成，由當時著名的土木工程師湯瑪士‧泰爾福德（Thomas Telford）設計興建。同時使用澆鑄技術與鍛鐵的結果，讓水道橋所建成的弧拱得以又輕又穩固，創造出穩固與優雅並重的視覺效果。此處遺產地以其傑出的創意與天才巨作而被登錄，也可說是是歐洲當時各項建築技術應用的總成。同時此處亦被公認是足以啟發全世界許多不同工程的創新建築。
Situated in north-eastern Wales, the 18 kilometre long Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal is a feat of civil engineering of the Industrial Revolution, completed in the early years of the 19th century. Covering a difficult geographical setting, the building of the canal required substantial, bold civil engineering solutions, especially as it was built without using locks. The aqueduct is a pioneering masterpiece of engineering and monumental metal architecture, conceived by the celebrated civil engineer Thomas Telford. The use of both cast and wrought iron in the aqueduct enabled the construction of arches that were light and d strong, producing an overall effect that is both monumental and elegant. The property is inscribed as a masterpiece of creative genius, and as a remarkable synthesis of expertise already acquired in Europe. It is also recognized as an innovative ensemble that inspired many projects all over the world.

 
 

位於瑞士侏儸山區偏遠地帶的恰德馮斯與洛克兩座比鄰的城鎮，共同組成鐘錶製造計畫城鎮的世界遺產地。他們的工場與建築反映了鐘錶製造工匠所需的合理規劃。19世紀初葉，由於當年的一場大火，加上當地係以單一工業型態而存在，導致恰德馮斯與洛克得以依照鐘錶製造的需求重新進行規劃，城鎮由一列列平行的屋舍和工場所構成，充分反映出當地從17世紀延續至今持續不墜的鐘錶製造文化。此處遺產地展現出單一工業製造城鎮也可以妥善保存且依舊生機盎然。此二座城鎮的規劃型態歷程更涵蓋了從手作工坊到19世紀末與20世紀初的密集工業生產方式的變遷。馬克斯在《資本論》中於分析當年侏儸山區的鐘錶製造的勞動分工時，曾形容恰德馮斯是一座「龐大的工業城鎮」。
The site of La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle watchmaking town-planning consists of two towns situated close to one another in a remote environment in the Swiss Jura mountains, on land ill-suited to farming. Their planning and buildings reflect watchmakers’ need of rational organization. Planned in the early 19th century, after extensive fires, the towns owed their existence to this single industry. Their layout along an open-ended scheme of parallel strips on which residential housing and workshops are intermingled reflects the needs of the local watchmaking culture that dates to the 17th century and is still alive today. The site presents outstanding examples of mono-industrial manufacturing-towns which are well preserved and still active. The urban planning of both towns has accommodated the transition from the artisanal production of a cottage industry to the more concentrated factory production of the late 19th and 20th centuries. The town of La Chaux-de-Fonds was described by Karl Marx as a “huge factory-town” in Das Kapital where he analyzed the division of labour in the watchmaking industry of the Jura.

 
 

比利時的銀行家與藝術品蒐集者阿道夫‧史托克雷特（Adolphe Stoclet）委託當年維也納分離派運動中居於領導地位的建築家之一約瑟夫‧霍夫曼（Josef Hoffmann）為他建造此座宅邸。由於建造當時並無預算上限，這棟落成於1911年的建築物與附屬的庭園，被公認為是維也納分離派的代表作，同時也稱得上是20世紀最為精緻且最為華麗的私人建築。大理石牆面的外觀充滿現代主義具備的簡潔感，而出自莫薩（Koloman Moser）與克林姆（Josef Hoffmann）等大師之手的內部空間設計，讓此座建築由內到外都創造出渾然一體的藝術感，可說是歐洲建築藝術復興的明證。同時此座宅邸無論內外都保持了高度的完整性，原來的設施與家具大部分都維持原狀。
When banker and art collector Adolphe Stoclet commissioned this house from one of the leading architects of the Vienna Secession movement, Josef Hoffmann, in 1905, he imposed neither aesthetic nor financial restrictions on the project. The house and garden were completed in 1911 and their austere geometry marked a turning point in Art Nouveau, foreshadowing Art Deco and the Modern Movement in architecture. Stoclet House is one of the most accomplished and homogenous buildings of the Vienna Secession, and features works by Koloman Moser and Gustav Klimt, embodying the aspiration of creating a ‘total work of art' (Gesamtkunstwerk). Bearing testimony to artistic renewal in European architecture, the house retains a high level of integrity, both externally and internally as it retains most of its original fixtures and furnishings.

 
 

斗羅米特山脈是位於北義大利阿爾卑斯山系中的其中一支，總共由18座高達3千公尺以上的山峰所組成，佔地面積廣達14萬1903公頃。其地貌可說是在別處絕無僅見的美麗山地景觀，無論是陡直的山壁，懸空的險崖，以及又長又深的狹窄縱谷。為數達9處的地域內，呈現出在地質學上具國際重要性的多樣化壯麗景色，包括尖石、石峰與石壁等，此外還有冰川與喀斯特地形等不同體系。這裡的動態特徵就是頻仍的山石坍塌、山洪與雪崩。另根據化石記錄，此處遺產地也是中生代碳酸鹽岩台地保存最好的地區之一。
The site of the Dolomites comprises a mountain range in the northern Italian Alps, numbering 18 peaks which rise to above 3,000 metres and cover 141,903 ha. It features some of the most beautiful mountain landscapes anywhere, with vertical walls, sheer cliffs and a high density of narrow, deep and long valleys. A serial property of nine areas that present a diversity of spectacular landscapes of international significance for geomorphology marked by steeples, pinnacles and rock walls, the site also contains glacial landforms and karst systems. It is characterized by dynamic processes with frequent landslides, floods and avalanches. The property also features one of the best examples of the preservation of Mesozoic carbonate platform systems, with fossil records.

 
 

 

【取材自英國《泰晤士報》及德國航太中心衛星照】

  
即將舉辦第33屆世界遺產委員會的塞維亞市
 

 
 

瑞士東北的薩多納環形地質結構共覆蓋廣達3萬285公頃的山區，其中獨具特色的7座山峰，海拔皆高達3000公尺以上。這個區域展現出異常造山運動的一項特殊例證，它通過大陸板塊碰撞和獨特的地質斷面（通過逆衝型地震所構成）等過程，將較老的深層岩石推擠到較年輕的淺處岩層之上。清晰的三度立體結構，和能刻畫出這種過程現象的岩層，乃是此地的最大特徵。因此自18世紀以來，這裏一直是非常重要的地質學研究基地。此地所在的格拉魯斯阿爾卑斯山，是一座全年為被冰雪覆蓋的山脈，屹立在狹窄的河谷上，也是是阿爾卑斯山中部最大的後冰河期崩落地點。

  
 

斯圖賽島是遠離冰島南部海岸之外的一座火山島，位於冰島地境的最南端。斯圖賽島是由位於海平面以下130公尺的海底火山爆發所形成，並於1963年11月14日才露出海面。那次爆發可能開始於幾天之前，並一直持續到1967年6月5日，此時斯圖賽島發展到最大面積—達2.7平方公里。不過從那以後，由於海風和海浪的侵蝕，導致它的面積不斷下降，到2002年時，斯圖賽島的表面積僅剩1.4平方公里。